StateSet Contracts

Introduction

StateSet Contracts enable autonomous, self-executing business agreements on the StateSet Commerce Network. Built on CosmWasm, these smart contracts power everything from automated order fulfillment to complex multi-party trade finance arrangements. This guide covers contract development, deployment, and integration.

What are StateSet Contracts?

StateSet Contracts are WebAssembly-based smart contracts that:

Execute Autonomously: Run without manual intervention when conditions are met
Ensure Trust: Immutable and transparent execution on blockchain
Enable Composability: Contracts can interact with each other
Support Complex Logic: Handle multi-party agreements and conditional flows

Prerequisites

Before developing StateSet Contracts:

Rust programming knowledge (basic to intermediate)
Familiarity with smart contract concepts
StateSet CLI installed (curl -L https://stateset.network/install | sh)
A StateSet Network account with testnet tokens

Getting Started

Install Development Tools

# Install Rust
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# Install cargo-generate for templates
cargo install cargo-generate

# Install StateSet CLI
curl -L https://stateset.network/install | sh

# Verify installation
stateset version

Create Your First Contract

# Generate from template
cargo generate --git https://github.com/stateset/contract-template
cd my-first-contract

# Build the contract
cargo wasm

# Run tests
cargo test

Deploy to Testnet

# Store the contract code
stateset tx wasm store target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/release/my_contract.wasm \
  --from wallet \
  --chain-id stateset-testnet \
  --gas auto \
  --gas-adjustment 1.3

# Instantiate the contract
stateset tx wasm instantiate CODE_ID '{"admin":"stateset1..."}' \
  --from wallet \
  --label "my-contract" \
  --chain-id stateset-testnet

Core Contract Types

1. Order Management Contract

Automate order lifecycle from placement to fulfillment:

use cosmwasm_std::{
    entry_point, Binary, Deps, DepsMut, Env, MessageInfo, Response, StdResult,
};
use cw2::set_contract_version;

const CONTRACT_NAME: &str = "stateset:order-manager";
const CONTRACT_VERSION: &str = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION");

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub struct Order {
    pub id: String,
    pub buyer: Addr,
    pub seller: Addr,
    pub items: Vec<OrderItem>,
    pub total: Uint128,
    pub status: OrderStatus,
    pub payment_status: PaymentStatus,
    pub created_at: Timestamp,
    pub fulfilled_at: Option<Timestamp>,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub enum OrderStatus {
    Pending,
    Confirmed,
    Processing,
    Shipped,
    Delivered,
    Cancelled,
    Refunded,
}

#[entry_point]
pub fn execute(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    info: MessageInfo,
    msg: ExecuteMsg,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    match msg {
        ExecuteMsg::CreateOrder { items, shipping } => {
            create_order(deps, env, info, items, shipping)
        }
        ExecuteMsg::ConfirmPayment { order_id } => {
            confirm_payment(deps, env, info, order_id)
        }
        ExecuteMsg::ShipOrder { order_id, tracking } => {
            ship_order(deps, env, info, order_id, tracking)
        }
        ExecuteMsg::ConfirmDelivery { order_id } => {
            confirm_delivery(deps, env, info, order_id)
        }
        ExecuteMsg::InitiateRefund { order_id, reason } => {
            initiate_refund(deps, env, info, order_id, reason)
        }
    }
}

fn create_order(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    info: MessageInfo,
    items: Vec<OrderItem>,
    shipping: ShippingInfo,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    // Validate items and calculate total
    let total = calculate_order_total(&items)?;
    
    // Generate unique order ID
    let order_id = generate_order_id(&env, &info.sender)?;
    
    // Create order object
    let order = Order {
        id: order_id.clone(),
        buyer: info.sender.clone(),
        seller: SELLER.load(deps.storage)?,
        items,
        total,
        status: OrderStatus::Pending,
        payment_status: PaymentStatus::Pending,
        created_at: env.block.time,
        fulfilled_at: None,
    };
    
    // Store order
    ORDERS.save(deps.storage, &order_id, &order)?;
    
    // Emit event
    Ok(Response::new()
        .add_attribute("action", "create_order")
        .add_attribute("order_id", order_id)
        .add_attribute("buyer", info.sender)
        .add_attribute("total", total))
}

2. Supply Chain Contract

Track products through the supply chain with full transparency:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub struct SupplyChainEvent {
    pub product_id: String,
    pub event_type: EventType,
    pub location: String,
    pub handler: Addr,
    pub timestamp: Timestamp,
    pub temperature: Option<i32>,
    pub humidity: Option<u32>,
    pub notes: Option<String>,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub enum EventType {
    Manufactured,
    QualityChecked,
    Packaged,
    ShippedFromFactory,
    ArrivedAtWarehouse,
    ShippedToRetailer,
    ReceivedByRetailer,
    SoldToCustomer,
}

pub fn track_product(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    info: MessageInfo,
    product_id: String,
    event_type: EventType,
    location: String,
    metadata: Option<EventMetadata>,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    // Verify handler authorization
    verify_handler_authorization(&deps, &info.sender, &event_type)?;
    
    // Create supply chain event
    let event = SupplyChainEvent {
        product_id: product_id.clone(),
        event_type: event_type.clone(),
        location,
        handler: info.sender.clone(),
        timestamp: env.block.time,
        temperature: metadata.as_ref().and_then(|m| m.temperature),
        humidity: metadata.as_ref().and_then(|m| m.humidity),
        notes: metadata.and_then(|m| m.notes),
    };
    
    // Store event in chain
    let mut product_history = PRODUCT_HISTORY
        .load(deps.storage, &product_id)
        .unwrap_or_default();
    product_history.push(event.clone());
    PRODUCT_HISTORY.save(deps.storage, &product_id, &product_history)?;
    
    // Update product status
    update_product_status(deps.storage, &product_id, &event_type)?;
    
    Ok(Response::new()
        .add_attribute("action", "track_product")
        .add_attribute("product_id", product_id)
        .add_attribute("event_type", format!("{:?}", event_type))
        .add_attribute("handler", info.sender))
}

3. Trade Finance Contract

Automate letters of credit and trade finance operations:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub struct LetterOfCredit {
    pub id: String,
    pub importer: Addr,
    pub exporter: Addr,
    pub issuing_bank: Addr,
    pub advising_bank: Addr,
    pub amount: Coin,
    pub documents_required: Vec<RequiredDocument>,
    pub expiry_date: Timestamp,
    pub status: LCStatus,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub enum LCStatus {
    Issued,
    Confirmed,
    DocumentsSubmitted,
    DocumentsApproved,
    PaymentReleased,
    Completed,
    Expired,
}

pub fn submit_documents(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    info: MessageInfo,
    lc_id: String,
    documents: Vec<Document>,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    let mut lc = LETTERS_OF_CREDIT.load(deps.storage, &lc_id)?;
    
    // Verify submitter is the exporter
    if info.sender != lc.exporter {
        return Err(ContractError::Unauthorized {});
    }
    
    // Verify LC is in correct status
    if lc.status != LCStatus::Confirmed {
        return Err(ContractError::InvalidStatus {});
    }
    
    // Validate all required documents are submitted
    validate_documents(&lc.documents_required, &documents)?;
    
    // Store documents
    SUBMITTED_DOCUMENTS.save(deps.storage, &lc_id, &documents)?;
    
    // Update LC status
    lc.status = LCStatus::DocumentsSubmitted;
    LETTERS_OF_CREDIT.save(deps.storage, &lc_id, &lc)?;
    
    Ok(Response::new()
        .add_attribute("action", "submit_documents")
        .add_attribute("lc_id", lc_id)
        .add_attribute("exporter", info.sender))
}

4. Inventory Management Contract

Real-time inventory tracking and automated reordering:

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, JsonSchema)]
pub struct InventoryItem {
    pub sku: String,
    pub name: String,
    pub quantity: u64,
    pub reserved: u64,
    pub reorder_point: u64,
    pub reorder_quantity: u64,
    pub supplier: Addr,
    pub last_restocked: Timestamp,
}

pub fn update_inventory(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    info: MessageInfo,
    updates: Vec<InventoryUpdate>,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    let mut messages = vec![];
    let mut attributes = vec![("action", "update_inventory")];
    
    for update in updates {
        let mut item = INVENTORY.load(deps.storage, &update.sku)?;
        
        match update.operation {
            Operation::Add => {
                item.quantity = item.quantity.saturating_add(update.quantity);
                item.last_restocked = env.block.time;
            }
            Operation::Remove => {
                if item.quantity < update.quantity {
                    return Err(ContractError::InsufficientInventory {
                        sku: update.sku,
                        available: item.quantity,
                        requested: update.quantity,
                    });
                }
                item.quantity = item.quantity.saturating_sub(update.quantity);
            }
            Operation::Reserve => {
                let available = item.quantity.saturating_sub(item.reserved);
                if available < update.quantity {
                    return Err(ContractError::InsufficientInventory {
                        sku: update.sku,
                        available,
                        requested: update.quantity,
                    });
                }
                item.reserved = item.reserved.saturating_add(update.quantity);
            }
        }
        
        // Check if reorder needed
        if item.quantity <= item.reorder_point && item.quantity > 0 {
            let reorder_msg = create_reorder_message(
                &item.supplier,
                &update.sku,
                item.reorder_quantity,
            )?;
            messages.push(reorder_msg);
            attributes.push(("reorder_triggered", &update.sku));
        }
        
        INVENTORY.save(deps.storage, &update.sku, &item)?;
    }
    
    Ok(Response::new()
        .add_messages(messages)
        .add_attributes(attributes))
}

Advanced Features

Cross-Contract Communication

Enable contracts to interact with each other:

// Call another contract
pub fn execute_cross_contract_order(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    info: MessageInfo,
    order_details: OrderDetails,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    // Prepare order for order management contract
    let order_msg = WasmMsg::Execute {
        contract_addr: ORDER_CONTRACT.load(deps.storage)?.to_string(),
        msg: to_binary(&OrderExecuteMsg::CreateOrder {
            items: order_details.items,
            shipping: order_details.shipping,
        })?,
        funds: info.funds,
    };
    
    // Update inventory contract
    let inventory_msg = WasmMsg::Execute {
        contract_addr: INVENTORY_CONTRACT.load(deps.storage)?.to_string(),
        msg: to_binary(&InventoryExecuteMsg::ReserveItems {
            items: order_details.items.clone(),
        })?,
        funds: vec![],
    };
    
    Ok(Response::new()
        .add_message(order_msg)
        .add_message(inventory_msg)
        .add_attribute("action", "cross_contract_order"))
}

Event-Driven Architecture

Use events to trigger automated workflows:

// Emit custom events
pub fn emit_order_event(
    order_id: String,
    event_type: OrderEventType,
) -> Event {
    Event::new("order_event")
        .add_attribute("order_id", order_id)
        .add_attribute("event_type", format!("{:?}", event_type))
        .add_attribute("timestamp", Timestamp::now().to_string())
}

// Subscribe to events in another contract
pub fn handle_order_event(
    deps: DepsMut,
    env: Env,
    event: OrderEvent,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    match event.event_type {
        OrderEventType::PaymentConfirmed => {
            // Trigger fulfillment workflow
            start_fulfillment_process(deps, env, event.order_id)?
        }
        OrderEventType::Shipped => {
            // Update tracking system
            update_tracking_info(deps, env, event.order_id, event.tracking_info)?
        }
        OrderEventType::Delivered => {
            // Release payment to seller
            release_payment(deps, env, event.order_id)?
        }
    }
    
    Ok(Response::new())
}

Upgradeable Contracts

Implement upgrade patterns for contract evolution:

// Migration entry point
#[cfg_attr(not(feature = "library"), entry_point)]
pub fn migrate(
    deps: DepsMut,
    _env: Env,
    msg: MigrateMsg,
) -> Result<Response, ContractError> {
    let ver = cw2::get_contract_version(deps.storage)?;
    
    // Ensure we are migrating from an allowed version
    if ver.contract != CONTRACT_NAME {
        return Err(ContractError::CannotMigrate {
            previous_contract: ver.contract,
        });
    }
    
    if ver.version > CONTRACT_VERSION {
        return Err(ContractError::CannotMigrateVersion {
            previous_version: ver.version,
            new_version: CONTRACT_VERSION.to_string(),
        });
    }
    
    // Perform migration logic
    match msg {
        MigrateMsg::UpdateConfig { new_config } => {
            CONFIG.save(deps.storage, &new_config)?;
        }
        MigrateMsg::AddFeature { feature } => {
            enable_new_feature(deps.storage, feature)?;
        }
    }
    
    // Update contract version
    set_contract_version(deps.storage, CONTRACT_NAME, CONTRACT_VERSION)?;
    
    Ok(Response::new()
        .add_attribute("action", "migrate")
        .add_attribute("version", CONTRACT_VERSION))
}

Testing Strategies

Unit Testing

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use cosmwasm_std::testing::{mock_dependencies, mock_env, mock_info};
    use cosmwasm_std::{coins, from_binary};

    #[test]
    fn test_create_order() {
        let mut deps = mock_dependencies();
        let env = mock_env();
        let info = mock_info("buyer", &coins(1000, "ustate"));
        
        // Initialize contract
        let msg = InstantiateMsg { admin: None };
        let _res = instantiate(deps.as_mut(), env.clone(), info.clone(), msg).unwrap();
        
        // Create order
        let create_msg = ExecuteMsg::CreateOrder {
            items: vec![
                OrderItem {
                    sku: "PROD-001".to_string(),
                    quantity: 2,
                    price: Uint128::new(100),
                }
            ],
            shipping: ShippingInfo {
                address: "123 Main St".to_string(),
                method: ShippingMethod::Standard,
            },
        };
        
        let res = execute(deps.as_mut(), env, info, create_msg).unwrap();
        
        // Verify response
        assert_eq!(res.attributes.len(), 4);
        assert_eq!(res.attributes[0].key, "action");
        assert_eq!(res.attributes[0].value, "create_order");
    }
}

Integration Testing

use stateset_integration_tests::{Contract, ContractWrapper};

#[test]
fn test_order_fulfillment_flow() {
    let mut app = mock_app();
    
    // Deploy contracts
    let order_contract = deploy_order_contract(&mut app);
    let inventory_contract = deploy_inventory_contract(&mut app);
    let payment_contract = deploy_payment_contract(&mut app);
    
    // Test complete order flow
    let order_id = create_test_order(&mut app, &order_contract);
    confirm_payment(&mut app, &payment_contract, &order_id);
    verify_inventory_reserved(&mut app, &inventory_contract, &order_id);
    ship_order(&mut app, &order_contract, &order_id);
    confirm_delivery(&mut app, &order_contract, &order_id);
    verify_payment_released(&mut app, &payment_contract, &order_id);
}

Deployment & Management

Mainnet Deployment Checklist

Security Audit: Complete third-party audit
Gas Optimization: Profile and optimize gas usage
Error Handling: Comprehensive error messages
Admin Controls: Implement proper access control
Upgrade Path: Plan for future updates

Monitoring & Analytics

# Query contract state
stateset query wasm contract-state smart CONTRACT_ADDR \
  '{"get_order":{"order_id":"ORD-12345"}}' \
  --chain-id stateset-mainnet

# Monitor contract events
stateset query txs --events 'wasm.contract_address=CONTRACT_ADDR' \
  --chain-id stateset-mainnet

# Check contract metrics
stateset query wasm contract-state smart CONTRACT_ADDR \
  '{"get_metrics":{}}' \
  --chain-id stateset-mainnet

Best Practices

1. Security First

Always validate inputs
Use proper access controls
Implement rate limiting
Handle all edge cases

2. Gas Efficiency

Minimize storage operations
Batch operations when possible
Use efficient data structures
Profile gas usage

3. Maintainability

Write comprehensive tests
Document all functions
Use clear naming conventions
Implement upgrade patterns

Next Steps

Contract Templates

Explore ready-to-use contract templates

Developer Portal

Access tools, faucets, and documentation

Overview

Quickstart

StateSet One

StateSet Response

StateSet Commerce

Introduction

What are StateSet Contracts?

Prerequisites

Getting Started

Core Contract Types

1. Order Management Contract

2. Supply Chain Contract

3. Trade Finance Contract

4. Inventory Management Contract

Advanced Features

Cross-Contract Communication

Event-Driven Architecture

Upgradeable Contracts

Testing Strategies

Unit Testing

Integration Testing

Deployment & Management

Mainnet Deployment Checklist

Monitoring & Analytics

Best Practices

1. Security First

2. Gas Efficiency

3. Maintainability

Next Steps

Contract Templates

Developer Portal

Overview

Quickstart

StateSet One

StateSet Response

StateSet Commerce

​Introduction

​What are StateSet Contracts?

​Prerequisites

​Getting Started

​Core Contract Types

​1. Order Management Contract

​2. Supply Chain Contract

​3. Trade Finance Contract

​4. Inventory Management Contract

​Advanced Features

​Cross-Contract Communication

​Event-Driven Architecture

​Upgradeable Contracts

​Testing Strategies

​Unit Testing

​Integration Testing

​Deployment & Management

​Mainnet Deployment Checklist

​Monitoring & Analytics

​Best Practices

​1. Security First

​2. Gas Efficiency

​3. Maintainability

​Next Steps

Contract Templates

Developer Portal

Introduction

What are StateSet Contracts?

Prerequisites

Getting Started

Core Contract Types

1. Order Management Contract

2. Supply Chain Contract

3. Trade Finance Contract

4. Inventory Management Contract

Advanced Features

Cross-Contract Communication

Event-Driven Architecture

Upgradeable Contracts

Testing Strategies

Unit Testing

Integration Testing

Deployment & Management

Mainnet Deployment Checklist

Monitoring & Analytics

Best Practices

1. Security First

2. Gas Efficiency

3. Maintainability

Next Steps